Four Arts of Photography explores the history of photography through the lens of philosophy and proposes a new scholarly understanding of the art form for the 21st century. * Re-examines the history of art photography through four major photographic movements and with case studies of representative images * Employs a top-down, theory to case approach, as well as a bottom-up, case to theory approach * Advances a new theory regarding the nature of photography that is grounded in technology but doesn t place it in opposition to painting * Includes commentaries by two leading philosophers of photography, Diarmuid Costello and Cynthia A. Freeland.